It is an analysis and synthesis tool for calculating the. Also, what is the magnitude of the average reflected power if |Vo|=1? 3- Make sure you understand the slotted line problem. Recently I needed to approximate a cable with the following insertion loss for a 25 cm long strip: The approximation was required for an IBIS. The principal of deriving the Characteristic Impedance from an OPEN and SHORT measurement is based on Transmission Lines and Networks by Walter C. Adding a Transmission Line. 0 Conductor Type This section is used to add, remove, rename, and edit the information related to the conductor types. β = 0. 4e-11 (default) | positive scalar. The GUI has been ported from the GIMP toolkit (GTK) to Qt. The phase is mostly + 90 ∘ or − 90 ∘, indicating that Zin is mostly reactive. Here, the output of the transmission line is terminated in a capacitor of value C. ,100 % power transferred from a source to a load via a transmission line/cable). This is entirely different from leakage resistance of the dielectric separating the two conductors, and the metallic resistance of the wires themselves. This term is particularly significant in high voltage power transmission systems, where it is vital to comprehend the voltage distribution along the string to ensure maximum efficiency and prevent electrical discharges. The other. This tool calculates the matching network necessary to terminate a line of the specified characteristic impedence (Z o) in a specific complex load impedence (R L + jX L) at a specified frequency. This calculator can also be used for measuring coaxial cable and will then give Relative Dielectric Constant rather than Effective Dielectric Constant. Calculates the resistance, inductance and capacitance per unit length. cables in the 1850s. I is the current flowing through the line. This technique doesn’t work for wide band requirements, but is a simple way to achieve this at a specific. The calculator produces more accurate results than the IPC formulas for impedance because it implements a more accurate model that is not based on a limited dataset. Characteristic Impedance Ω. Most RF Coaxial Cables have an impedance of 50 ohms or 75 ohms. A calculator of this type has been constructed to facilitate the solution of transmission -line problems, and is shown in Fig. The user will select the circuit materials and the circuit construction, after which the software will determine the predicted impedance and other electrical information. Voltage Standing Wave Ration (VSWR) The voltage standing wave ratio is the magnitude of a standing wave caused by a mismatch impedance. As the name suggests, the length of this transmission line if fixed at a quarter of the wavelength (λ/4). This tool can calculate several critical parameters like unit length that describe your traces for different arrangements, including microstrips, embedded. 1. VSWR is a parameter used by engineers to know the degree of mismatch between a transmission line and a device (like an antenna or a transmitter/receiver circuit). Calculate the Transmission Line impedance Z0 for a large variety of mechanical structures. Example 3. 2. In their simplest form (e. I = Line Current. These formulas can be found in various texts and most of them are derived in the book "Inductance Calculations" by F. frequencies and have been used for more than 150 years, starting with the first telegraph. The propagation delay is the time a signal takes to propagate over a unit length of the transmission line. 0 value of the line to this point on the chart—50 Ω for a 50-Ω line, for example. TX-LINE software is a FREE and interactive transmission-line utility for the analysis and synthesis of transmission-line structures that can be used directly in Cadence ® AWR ® Microwave Office ® software for matching-circuits, couplers, and other high-frequency designs. Many methods exist to achieve the desired selectivity. The Smith Chart achieves this by superimposing a grid on S11 that maps load impedance. 1. The transmission line calculator allows the ability to analyze and synthesize transmission line physical and electrical characteristics. Modeling approximation can be used to design the microstrip trace. There are four different types of impedance used in characterizing differential trace impedances. Avoiding flashover in baluns and ATUs. 0 Conductor Type This section is used to add, remove, rename, and edit the information related to the conductor types. The surface finish is neglected. The pages refer to a table of transmission line parameters in mysql. 0 spreadsheet format, (~10K zip file). This type of transmission line is frequently encountered as a feed line on antenna booms, especially with log-periodic dipole arrays. Ruling Span of transmission line Calculator; Angle of loading of conductor of a transmission line Calculator; Wind Pressure on transmission line Calculator; Tension in Transmission line Calculator; Sag of Transmission Line with supports at different heights Calculator; Sag of Transmission Line with supports at same height CalculatorThe transmission line equations of (5) are valid for any two-conductor structure of arbitrary shape in the transverse (xy) plane but whose cross-sectional area does not change along its axis in the (z) direction. Also, what is the magnitude of the average reflected power if |Vo|=1? 3- Make sure you understand the slotted line problem. Lab1 - Transmission Lines Objective To learn transmission lines and time-domain refectometer (TDR). The transmission line model is used in many of the loss calculations. The propagation delay calculator will allow you to calculate the time it takes for a signal to travel from its source to its final destination. C — Capacitance per unit length 9. SpicyTL is a simulation model, based on the electrical circuit theory, that predicts the electro-acoustic behaviour of loudspeaker systems loaded with transmission line. The Pasternack wavelength calculator Transverse Electromagnetic Mode (TEM) allows you to determine the wavelength (in millimeters) inside a rectangular waveguide. Users need only specify the material properties for. This will also provide the time delay the cable provides for a signal and also the capacitance and inductance per. Microstrip Impedance Calculator. The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. Transmission line loss calculator. There are some advantages to using a. A quarter wave transformer is used to match two transmission lines with different impedances. If you use the 1/4 rise time/wavelength limit, then you are just guessing at the. 3, Kevin Schmidt, W9CF. Online calculators will generally use Wadell's equations to determine the transmission line impedance numerically. The modeled long-distance transmission line selected for this work is an Aluminum Core Steel Reinforced (ACSR) line, as it is a traditionally used line-type for electrical transmission lines. 1, makes the argument that a circuit with resistors, inductors, and capacitors is a good model for a transmission line. ATLC cannot calculate Zo for conductors in an unbounded space, so the conductors must be contained within a grounded bounding surface. They have an About Our Calculators page which gives a nice comparison of their GCPW calculator vs. Parallel wire. You can unsubscribe at any time. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. A twisted-pair cable is simply two wires that are twisted together so as to reduce radiated EMI (electromagnetic interference) and mitigate the effects of received EMI. Avoiding flashover in baluns and ATUs. What's happening is that the output from the transmission line 'fills in' the dips. Description. Put actual line length in the ERP Calc. Transmission-Line Calculator. 946 for silver, or 1. The calculator involves this page and a results page which are written in php and include some java scripting. The Smith Chart is simply a graphical calculator for computing impedance as a function of re ection coe cient z = f(ˆ) More importantly, many problems can be easily visualized with the Smith Chart This visualization leads to a insight about the behavior of transmission lines All the knowledge is coherently and compactly represented by the. Calculates the resistance, inductance and capacitance per unit length of common low-loss transmission line configurations. Today, transmission lines exist in a variety of forms, many of. 1. A Microstrip is a type of electrical transmission line used to transmit RF signals and are commonly fabricated using printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Pulse Forming Network Equations and Calculator. Feb 04, 2015. Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. A calculator of this type has been constructed to facilitate the solution of transmission -line problems, and is shown in Fig. The first term of the equation is identical to the equation for a parabolic curve. ATLC (Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator) based on finite difference is used to find the characteristic impedance of a pair of parallel square conductors in air. In this case a rectangular form is used. February 5, 2012 by Rolf Ostergaard. Each Port is matched to the characteristic impedance Z 0 of the single, isolated microstrip transmission line. 946 for silver, or 1. The two most common impedances that are. Access Rogers' calculators, literature, technical papers and request samples on your smart phone or tablet through the ROG mobile app. A Simpler Approximation At the lowest frequencies, there is another ideal electrical circuit element that can be used to approximate the impedance of a real, physical transmission line. Waveguides are. Line of Sight Calculator. Wire Pair. View All Tools. The Er (relative permittivity) is set as a common factor for all the possible mechanical designs and calculations. Wire Over Plane. The Add transmission line dialog. Create an equation-based transmission line 50 cm in length. Keep in mind that the conversions only hold exactly at one frequency, ω. Wavelength is a wave between any two points. With the help of this transmission line and several other 33 kV lines, power was supplied from Shidhirgonj to the Dhaka area (in addition to the power received from Kaptai, power was also generated at the Shidhirgonj 30 MW power station). This parameter is used for the loss calculations. If the reflection coefficient (Γ) is known, then the VSWR. Impedance calculationDownload Transmission Line Calculator for free. Note: The results are only for approximation and rough. The Smith Chart graphically maps S11=reflection coefficient= (ZL-Z0)/ (ZL+Z0) to Load Impedance (ZL), normalized to Z0 (source impedance = center of chart). Transmission line v1 1 0 ac 1 sin rsource 1 2 75 t1 2 0 3 0 z0=75 td=1u rload 3 0 999meg . This free online interactive Smith chart tool is a calculator which can help you design matching networks and obtain maximum power transfer between your source and load. Today, transmission lines exist in a variety of forms, many of which are. It covers the history, development and applications of the Smith Chart. Once these decisions are made, a designer needs to determine the PCB trace width required to hit their required PCB transmission line impedance. TX-LINE: Transmission Line Calculator Cadence/AWR. Once the impedances are set, all that remains is to set the frequency. The Antenova Transmission Line Calculator considers all these aspects for you. Aiming at the lumped-circuits model of the lossless transmission line in the digital simulation, the article discusses and analyzes the unit step response generation of the lumped-circuits model by comparing the numerical simulation results of the implicit trapezoidal method, the implicit Euler method, and a multi-step formula. R is the resistance of the line, which can be calculated based on the wire's length, cross-sectional area (related to wire gauge), and material. XL = Line Reactance. These. As we know that the definition of the return loss of a system is the ratio of incident power to reflected power. Transmission-Line Calculator. This calculator is particularly useful in designing and analyzing coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines used in high-frequency applications. Overview. 7 (a)) ΔΓ = (Z0(z) + Δz) − Z0(z) (Z0 + ΔZ) + Z0(z) = ΔZ 2Z0(z) + ΔZ ≈. Enter system voltage (kilovolts rms, maximum): Enter maximum transient overvoltage (per unit)( 1): Altitude (in meters): Phase-to-ground exposure. High mismatch loss means high reflected power, so. Modelling practical transmission lines. A Re-engineered Transmission Line Parameter Calculator. Highly recommended. QucsStudio does definitely have a better transmission line calculator, although all of those tools are completely separate so you can just lift the binary itself out of the package. The result also depends on the length and phase propagation constant of the line. 45 for gold. Here the series resistance, series inductance. Antenna Downtilt Angle Calculator. Select the box with the. These equations are relatively simple compared to other transmission line geometries, comprising only 2 interrelated equations for the microstrip impedance. Main Menu. Simpler calculators will use the less-accurate IPC-2141 equations. Coax Cable Transmission Line Models. We also investigate transmission-line electric and. Depending on circuit sensitivity, the distributed. Excel 7. This tool is javascript so it works on Windows, Mac, IOS, Android. Narrow Trace Over Plane. Relative Dielectric Constant ( εr ): Track Width (S): mm. Any transmission line that is not load terminated into its characteristic impedance has a variable impedance all along the line. QucsTranscalc is the transmission line tool used by Qucs. Because they are not enclosed, these PCB microstrips have a lower power handling capability and higher loss, thus allowing you to calculate a microstrip’s height and. In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. Wide Trace Over Plane. It renders fairly accurate results suitable for use in circuit board manufacturing and engineering analysis. This paper documents the development and testing of a Transmission Line Parameter Calculator (TLPC), which computes the impedance parameters for short and medium transmission lines. The below step by step solved example problem may helpful for users to understand how the input values are being used in such calculations to find the ratio of load impedance matching to the transmission line or wave guide characteristic impedance (Z 0). HFSS Waveport Size Calculator Figure out the correct waveport size to use in HFSS for a microstrip line feed. There are two types of Transmission and Distribution Losses: Technical Losses; Non Technical Losses (Commercial Losses); 1. 44 x A0. 2. Transcalc is an analysis and synthesis tool for calculating the electrical and physical properties of different kinds. One of the most common types of transmission line, coaxial cable. If the dielectric constant of the material is not known, you can choose to put in the velocity of. Calculate Efficiency Bandwidth Product (EBP. With this input, the transmission line calculation tool initially used by our client determined the coplanar gap to be 3 mils. The round-wire geometries are loops of wire with various shapes. If the ratio (L/W) is close to unity, the radiation pattern will be symmetric but may not provide a resonable. Rogers Advanced Connectivity Solutions (ACS) has introduced an updated design program that is free to download called the MWI-2017 Microwave Impedance Calculator, a transmission line modeling tool for electronics engineers (setting up an account is required). TX-Line enables users enter either physical characteristics or electrical characteristic for common transmission medium such as:Capacitively Loaded Transmission Line Calculator. Download Multiple dielectric impedance calculator for free. Capacitance per unit length of the lumped transmission. A transmission line should have a uniform characteristic impedance to avoid signal reflections. This calculator is a tool for designing balanced transmission lines with a specific desired characteristic impedance (Z_ ext{c}) and made of parallel circular conductors of a. The reflection at point z on the line for a taper segment of length Δz is (refer to Figure 7. 604*260^2)/ (8*1550). Target Value =The String Efficiency Calculator is a handy tool that aids in understanding the efficiency of a string in a transmission line. You can experiment with changes to the line parameters (Nominal Zo, Nominal VF, loss coefficients K0/K1/K2) to see how the. In this measurement, a voltage source is used to excite Port 1 and the received signal at. The following topics are also highlighted: radio transmission line calculator; improved transmission line calculator; calculator with spiral cursor; impedance transferring;. Calculate the Displacement Volume for Your Driver. 3e-7. Johnson, McGraw-Hill 1963 p155. Pasternack. Thickness: Thickness of the microstrip conductor. One of the most basic parameters of a transmission line is zo, its characteristic impedance. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of coplanar waveguide with ground or microstrip lines with signal side ground plane can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. Friis Transmission Calculator. This tool will also give you the magnitude of the coupled voltage between. The. February 5, 2012 by Rolf Ostergaard. Waveguides are available in standard sizes from WR-430. Of course this is not unique to transmission lines; the dip is also an issue for tapped horns and back loaded horns. The resistance and reactance coordinates are marked as a ratio to Z 0 ; thus a marking of 1. Use our free online app Characteristic Impedance of a Transmission Line Calculator to determine all important calculations with parameters and constants. Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator Calculate dimensions and edge impedance for desired resonant frequency. Coverage Maps by Roger Coudé, VE2DBE. Transmission lines Transmission line concepts and an online transmission line calculator by Owen Duffy, VK1OD. The resistance and reactance coordinates are marked as a ratio to Z 0 ; thus a marking of 1. If this were a load on the line, we recognize from transmission-lineNovember 15, 2023 by Rafay Javed. TQWT and QWT stands for (tappered) quarter wave tube and are also refered as Voight Pipes. Pi-Matching Impedance Network Calculator. Polar or rectangular grids only allow direct reading of S11. Kenneth L. VSWR is a parameter used by engineers to know the degree of mismatch between a transmission line and a device (like an antenna or a transmitter/receiver circuit). Overview. Forget about using online calculators to size your waveguide and determine impedance. Select the box with the geometry that you would like to calculate. some wire and b. The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. On-line RF engineering calculators for designing air coil inductors, other transmission lines, filters and antennas. The transmission line geometries are cross sections and the values calculated are the inductance per unit length. Inductance Calculator. The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. VR = Receiving end phase voltage. A signal’s wavelength is the physical distance it will propagate in the timespan of one period. However, for high-frequency (or long) transmission lines, we know that the voltage and the. EXE by Dean Straw N6BV. Metric. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . Transmission Line Parameters. Satellite Look Angle Calculator. The values of the built in cable attenuations were taken from that program. We define the characteristic impedance of a transmission line as the ratio of the voltage to the current amplitude of the forward wave as shown in Equation 6, or the ratio of the voltage to the current amplitude of the reflected wave as shown in Equation 7 . Basic Appl. = 10000 x (7000/ (2000 + 7000)) Vterm = 7. This online reflection coefficient calculator calculates the reflection coefficient (Γ) by entering the value of the characteristic impedance Z o (in ohms. H 2 H 2 = subtrate height 2. A commonly-encountered form of parallel wire transmission line is 300 Ω 300 Ω twin-lead. The input impedance seen at the other end will be a tangential function of the coil’s electrical length. Twisted pairs are used with balanced signals. Transmission line. A graphical explanation of energy flow in a practical transmission line. The phase is mostly + 90 ∘ or − 90 ∘, indicating that Zin is mostly reactive. Frequency span ±. A tool perform calculations on the concepts and applications for Transmission Lines calculations. This is a calculator for designing a Dual Fold On-Axis Transmission Line Enclosure. W W = trace width. Meters Feet. The Smith Chart graphically maps S11=reflection coefficient= (ZL-Z0)/ (ZL+Z0) to Load Impedance (ZL), normalized to Z0 (source impedance = center of chart). P B = Power output of Port 3. You can experiment with changes to the line parameters (Nominal Zo, Nominal VF, loss coefficients K0/K1/K2) to see how the. The physical configuration and properties of all the components determines the characteristic impedance, distortion, transmission speed, and loss. Nist, KQ6QV has free software for calculating arbitrary transmission line impedance, as well as transmission line equations for Mathcad 11. Line Loss Calculator: Note: Set Line Length 100 here to use the ERP Calc. This enables you to foresee the design challenges and make the required tweaks to achieve the desired. 19. Highly recommended. Click on Help in the Transmission Line Calculator for more information. Wires are used to transmit clocks and data signals. The formula is: Line Loss (dB) = 10 * log10(Pin / Pout) Where Pin is the input power and Pout is the output power. 1 is the input impedance of a lossless transmission line having characteristic impedance Z0 and which is terminated into a load ZL. Ω/mΩ/in. If VSWR is known, then the reflection coefficient (Γ), return loss (RL), and mismatch loss (ML) is calculated by using following formulas. In data transmission lines, the dielectric material property influences the propagation delay and is proportional to the relative permittivity or dielectric constant (e r )of the material. Where: Loss is the power lost in the transmission line. g. Nist, KQ6QV has free software for calculating arbitrary transmission line impedance, as well. This is a special scenario. 4. The application was somewhat inspired by transcalc by Claudio Girardi and Gopal Narayanan. The following steps outline how to calculate the characteristic impedance (Z0) for a Transmission Line using the given formula: First, determine the values of R, w, L, G, and C. The transmission line calculator allows the ability to analyze and synthesize transmission line physical and electrical characteristics. In the figure above, R = Line Resistance. Free Windows program for calculating the loss and impedance transformation. The calculator provides the minimum approach distance, in feet or meters (depending on your selection), for phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase exposures. If the line impedance is closer to the target impedance, then the critical length will be longer. Pasternack's Microstrip Calculator computes a microstrip's height/width ratio,. The input impedance of a transmission line with arbitrary terminating impedance is zL = ZL Z0 0 = zL − 1 zL 1 = ∣ ∣ e j L = 2 f c r = 2 r Z ¿ = Z0 1 e −2 j L 1− e −2 j L We will use the Smith Chart to ease the calculation of this complex quantity. H. TX-LINE software is a FREE and interactive transmission-line utility for the analysis and synthesis of transmission-line structures that can be used directly in Cadence ® AWR ® Microwave Office ® software for matching-circuits, couplers, and other high-frequency designs. It supports both balanced and unbalanced lines. The development of transmission line theory is presented in Section 3. ) A description of the. Description. This can be set to zero, but the calculated loss will not include conductor losses. Our waveguides are low loss transmission lines capable of handling high power with high isolation. Click here to download the AA3RL Transmission Line Calculator. atlc - Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator (for transmission lines and directional couplers) by Dr. Misunderstanding VSWR misleads. 39. VSWR calculator is an online calculator is used to convert the values between the VSWR, return loss, reflection coefficient, and mismatch loss. Example Problem Find the characteristic impedance Z 0 of the lossless transmission line whose unit length of. This delay results in timing errors, data skew, clock, and data mismatches, and causes reliability issues. A Transmission line calculator, Version 0. In other words, this is the impedance the signal actually experiences as it travels on an individual line. Refer Microstrip line basics >> and Microstrip line types >>. 0, this program is unique in. Topics include transmission lines, waveguides, two-port microwave circuits, matching, tuning, resonators, dividers, and directional couplers. Line above plane. But there's an even easier Method B. 3. The coax is a good way to create a transmission line. Introduction . Free Windows program for calculating the loss and impedance transformation. L L = length of the coaxial cable. School of Engineering 6. The transmission line structure also affects the signal speed. Modelling practical transmission lines. The Smith Chart is simply a graphical calculator for computing impedance as a function of re ection coe cient z = f(ˆ) More importantly, many problems can be easily visualized with the Smith Chart This visualization leads to a insight about the behavior of transmission lines All the knowledge is coherently and compactly represented by the. Twisted pairs are used with balanced signals. Transcalc is an analysis and synthesis tool for calculating the electrical and physical properties of different kinds of RF and microwave transmission lines. The calculator below uses Wadell’s equations to determine the differential impedance of symmetric striplines, which can be found in the seminal textbook Transmission Line Design Handbook. Figure 2—These are the most common types of transmission lines you’ll encounter in ham applications. Introduction. Height: Height of the substrate. The AWR Design Environment Transmission Line Calculator lets you calculate and set transmission line dimensions for a specified impedance and electrical length directly from microstrip, stripline, coplanar or rectangular waveguide, or coaxial components on a schematic, accelerating the design of distributed networks such as. Open ended transmission line. Circuit models can be used to approximate coupling. The ratio of the reflected voltage to the incident. 60 Hz. real power, reactive power, and current flow in each transmission line and transformer. Dependencies. Then add the transmission line and note the new "Slice Max Gain". Transmission Lines In an AC power system, a TL will operate at some frequency f; e. dBm to Watt converter Stripline Impedance calculator Microstrip line impedance Antenna G/T Noise temp. When you need to calculate impedance and other parameters to determine transmission line losses, you can use the integrated field solver in the Layer Stack Manager in Altium Designer ®. It has been zipped for storage and downloading. In what does this inductance calculator differ from the rest? Dr. The simplified test bench setup shown in the above figure is used to measure the cross talk between two microstrip lines on a grounded substrate. Calculates the characteristic impedance and per-unit-length inductance, capacitance, resistance and attenuation of various transmission line geometries. These are considered to be standardized impedance values with cables readily available. Find Characteristic Impedance of a Transmission Line Calculator at CalcTown. 2, and Section 2. Corum, K1AON. Quarter-wave impedance transformer placed between a transmission line with impedance Z0 and load with impedance ZL. It is the evolution of the AIRDAMP model, whose development, and the principles that allow it to work, are illustrated in the above-mentioned article. This calculator helps you calculate the characteristic impedance of a coaxial cable given its dimensions. 1 shows the tapered transmission line matching section, where Z 1 and Z 2 are the two impedances to match. XLINE - This Windows program is another implementation of the Transmission Line Equations for the Windows environment, similar to TLE or SWAVE programs, above. The twisted pair helps create a more. A transmission line is any physical cable with a length more than 10% of the shortest wavelength being transmitted: Transmission lines exhibit stray capacitance and inductance. Z0 = V~+ 0 I~+ 0 = R + jωL γ Z0 = −V~− 0 I~− 0 = R + jωL γ (8) (9) (8) Z 0. λ is the wavelength of the signal in free space. Also find other calculators for impedance, Smith chart,. Transmission Line Details by Dan AC6LA. The impedance calculator in Altium Designer integrates with your PCB layer stack design tool and can calculate impedance for many transmission line geometries, including coplanar. 1 to 100 MHz or 1 to 1000 MHz. The diagram below shows how to implement a quarter-wave line for impedance matching between a transmission line and a real load impedance. Kenneth L. Misunderstanding VSWR misleads. We will specify these quantities on a per-unit-length basis. The IPC-2141 trace Impedance calculator will help make initial design easier by allowing the user to input basic parameters and get a calculated impedance according to the IPC-2141 standard. It is composed simply of a discrete insulated wire spaced a fixed distance over a ground plane. The construction of these transmission lines requires large amounts of. TX-LINE software is a FREE and interactive transmission-line utility for the analysis and synthesis of transmission-line structures that can be used directly in Cadence ® AWR ® Microwave Office ® software for matching-circuits, couplers, and other high-frequency designs. 2.